A model is a person who poses or displays for purposes of art, fashion, or other products and advertising.
Modeling is distinguished from other types of public performance, such as an acting, dancing or mime artistry, although the boundary is not well defined. Appearing in a movie or a play is generally not considered to be modeling, regardless of the nature of the role. However, many models have also described themselves as actors. The models have to express an emotion and feeling in their photographs. Types of models include glamour, fashion, fitness, bikini, fine-art, and body-part models.
Fashion Modeling
Fashion models are used mainly to promote apparel, accessories, and cosmetics. There are two types of fashion models: high fashion and commercial.[Kelly England, "The Types of Modeling", retrieved November 28, 2006] High fashion modeling is an art form of fashion. The photographer photographs the model in artistic themes that relate to the clothing promoted. The model uses their face and body to express different emotions required. High fashion is typical for work on campaigns, collections and magazine editorials for high fashion designers. These models are featured in high fashion magazines such as Vogue, W,Vanity Fair and ELLE. Clothing designers traditionally show their new collections in an annual fashion show, for buyers, the fashion industry, and the general public. Fashion models walk the runway, and pose to display clothing. High fashion models have strong, unique and distinctive features. "Runway modeling," also known as catwalk modeling," is displaying fashion, and is generally performed by "high fashion models." A good high fashion model walking for a top show, during fashion week, usually makes between $1,000 to $4,000(dior) per show. Editiorials are usually less money, only $175 to $250. There are always changes in amounts depending on who the model is.
Commercial modeling is less prestigious than high fashion (haute couture) modeling, but very well paid. There are different forms of commercial modeling: catalogue, cosmetics, commercial print, product, and swimsuit. Catalogue models vary in height and weight, compared to high fashion models. Unlike high fashion models, commercial models include plus-size models. The size of the model depends on the clothing. i.e. Plus sized models model for plus sized clothing. These models appear in catalogues. Cosmetics models model for makeup companies such as Revlon and Maybelline. Cosmetics models work for television commercials, magazine advertisements, newspaper advertisements, and billboards. Commercial print models promote clothing/products on billboards, buses, magazines and newspapers.
The Association of Model Agents (AMA) says that female models should be around 34-24-34 inches (86-61-86 cm) and at least five feet eight inches (1.72 m) tall and 108 pounds on average. Currently, the height required to do fashion shows has increased. During the last fashion shows in Europe, the average height was 1.79 m, the average weight was 50kg, with bust between 85 to 90 cm, waist under 62 cm, and hips under 90 cm, to fit the 34/36 size of haute Couture prototypes.[Presque Top Model Oct 06] Average dimensions for a male model are a height of 180-187 cm (5'11"- 6'2") and a weight of 64-75 kg (140-165 lbs). Male models are also toned and fit as opposed to bulging with muscle.[www.soyouwanna.com]
Supermodels
Supermodels are highly paid, top fashion models. These (usually female) celebrities appear on top fashion magazine covers, in catalogues and in fashion shows. Supermodels are paid over tens of thousands of dollars every day, even for a simple photo shoot (photography session).
The first model to pave the way for what would become the supermodel was Lisa Fonssagrives.[Rosemary Ranck, "The First Supermodel", The New York Times February 9, 1997 (online) retrieved September 24, 2006] The relationship between her image on over 200 Vogue covers and her name recognition led to the future importance of Vogue in shaping future supermodels. Fonssagrives at the height of her career could be both sophisticated and yet a kook, with which every American woman could identify. Her image appeared on cover of every fashion magazine during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s from Town & Country, Life and Vogue to the original Vanity Fair.
Notable supermodels have included Janice Dickinson, Twiggy, Gia Carangi, Tyra Banks, Gisele Bu"ndchen, Christie Brinkley, Naomi Campbell, Cindy Crawford, Linda Evangelista, Heidi Klum, Elle Macpherson, Kate Moss, Beverly Peele, Claudia Schiffer, Karolina Kurkova, and Adriana Lima. Notable male models include Tyson Beckford, Marcus Schenkenberg, Andrew Stetson, Massimiliano Neri, Mark Vanderloo, Alex Lundqvist, Michael Bergin, and Will Chalker.
Glamour models
Glamour photography emphasizes the model rather than products, fashion or environment. Typically the sexuality of the model is emphasized in glamour photography, while in fashion photography the emphasis is on the clothes.
Early glamour modelling is often associated with "French postcards", small post card sized images that sold by street vendors in France. The early 1900’s the pinup became popular. Pinups depicted scantily dressed women often in a playful pose seemingly surprised or startled by the viewer. The model would usually have an expression of delight which seemed to invite the viewer to come and play. Betty Grable was one of the most famous pinup models of all time, her pinup in a bathing suit was extremely popular amongst World War II soldiers. In December of 1953 Marilyn Monroe was featured in the first issue of Playboy magazine. Playboy became the first magazine which featured nude glamour photography and was targeted to the mainstream consumer. Glamour models became popular in the early 90s with the Hope Talmons and Dita Von Teese that created a gateway into the the modern neo models like Heidi Van Horn and Bernie Dexter.
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